France and Germany Clash Over European Defense

France and Germany are facing deep divisions over how Europe should build its defense. Paris wants more strategic autonomy and support for European industry, while Berlin wants to maintain cooperation with NATO partners and American industry.

The debate has intensified as the United States gradually reduces its engagement in Europe and Russia’s war against Ukraine continues. Germany has significantly changed its policy, aiming for defense spending to reach 3.5% of Gross Domestic Product by 2029.

But Berlin insists that Europe still needs military systems it does not currently produce itself. German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius has stated the country will continue to cooperate closely with the American defense industry.

The clash has also been reflected in discussions about the next European budget. The European Commission has proposed 131 billion euros for defense, security and space, five times more than in the previous budget period. France wants the funds to mainly support European industry, while Germany wants the possibility of cooperation with companies from NATO countries such as Norway, Canada and the United Kingdom.

The differences between the two European powers have already touched joint projects. In June, France and Germany abandoned the 100-billion-euro project to develop a next-generation fighter jet, after disagreements between the industries of the two countries.

For the European Union, the challenge is to meet immediate security needs and support Ukraine, while building a European defense industry and reducing strategic dependence on other countries.